Snowgum / Eucalyptus pauciflora

HEIGHT up to 100 ft (30 m)

TYPE Evergreen

OCCURRENCE S.E. Australia

Long-lived and slow-growing, this tree has a crooked trunk and twisted branches. BARK Smooth, green, gray, or cream, sheds in ribbons. LEAF Adults: thick, glossy and waxy, linear-lanceolate; juveniles: more oval, dull gray-green. FLOWER White, scented, borne in clusters of 11 or more in leaf axils. FRUIT Semi-spherical or conical capsule.

Blackbutt / Eucalyptus pilularis

HEIGHT up to 230 ft (70 m)

TYPE Evergreen

OCCURRENCE New South Wales and Queensland (coastal plains)

This important commercial tree grows well in coppices, provides good fuel, and is also a source of food for the koala, insects, and other animals. BARK Rough, fibrous, shedding in strips. LEAF Dark green, narrowly lanceolate, curved. FLOWER White, small, in axillary clusters of 7–15. FRUIT Woody capsule.

Kamarere

HEIGHT up to 225 ft (67 m)

TYPE Evergreen

OCCURRENCE Papua New Guinea

Also known as the rainbow gum, the kamarere tree is notable for its beautiful multicolored bark. Its timber is used for pulp. BARK Shades of green, brown, and gray, prickly, peeling. LEAF Lanceolate, untoothed, darker green above, paler green beneath. FLOWER Creamy white, in numerous axillary umbels of 7–11. FRUIT Round, dry capsule.

Saxaul / Haloxylon persicum

HEIGHT up to 22 ft (7 m)

TYPE Evergreen

OCCURRENCE W. Asia (Russia to Iran to China)

Found in the desert, the saxaul has a large root system that helps to stabilize sand. Its heavy, durable wood is used in carpentry and is highly valued as fuel. BARK Gray-white. LEAF Triangular, scalelike, pressed to stem, with straw-colored cusp at tip. FLOWER Pale yellow, solitary, 5⁄32–7⁄32 in (4–7 mm) long; males and females on the same plant, in scalelike bracts on dwarf side spurs of previous year’s branches. FRUIT Round, winged nut, 1⁄8 in (2.5 mm) wide.

Papala / Charpentiera densiflora

HEIGHT up to 40 ft (12 m)

TYPE Evergreen

OCCURRENCE Hawaii (Kauri)

Moist forests located in valleys and gulches are the native habitat of this tree. It is an endangered species; fewer than 400 mature trees exist. BARK Smooth, grayish brown. LEAF Elliptic to oval, leathery, 5–16 in (13–40 cm) long. FLOWER Numerous, borne in panicles 9–19 in (22–48 cm) long. FRUIT Not described.

Long Jack

HEIGHT up to 16 ft (5 m)
TYPE Evergreen
OCCURRENCE South America

This tree dominates forests in Surinam and old plantations in east Guyana. It is fairly invasive. BARK Pale gray. LEAF Dark green and glossy, 4–9 in (10–22 cm) long, 11⁄2–21⁄4 in (4–6 cm) wide, pointed at the tip, with a prominent midvein, many pairs of side veins, and untoothed margin. FLOWER Males and females borne on separate spikes, each 21⁄4–4 in (6–10 cm) long. Males: tiny, cream; females: with three enlarged red-purple sepals that are about 11⁄4 in (3 cm) long and 3⁄16 in (5 mm) wide. FRUIT Dry nut, 3⁄8 in (1 cm) long.

Sweet Cherry / Prunus avium

HEIGHT up to 80 ft (25 m)

TYPE Deciduous

OCCURRENCE Europe, W. Asia, North America

Also known as wild cherry, sweet cherry wood has been used for veneer, and also for furniture-making, particularly in France. The roots of this tree can cause problems for nearby buildings. The double-flowered cultivar ‘Plena’ is a popular ornamental tree. BARK Redbrown, peeling in horizontal bands. LEAF Alternate, elliptic to oblong or obovate, dull green above, covered with soft hairs below. FLOWER Large, white, borne in clusters on short shoots before the leaves emerge. FRUIT Spherical, bitter or sweet, edible red drupe.

Turkish Crab Apple / Malus trilobata

HEIGHT up to 50 ft (15 m)

TYPE Deciduous

OCCURRENCE S.W. Asia, N.E. Greece

This narrowly conical tree grows in evergreen thickets in Asia and Greece. The flowers bloom in early summer. BARK Gray-brown, cracking into numerous small, square plates. LEAF Alternate, long-stalked, deeply cut into three lobes, smooth above, hairy beneath; glossy dark green turning yellow, red, and purple in fall. FLOWER White, cupshaped, with five petals and yellow anthers, appearing from woolly buds, borne in small clusters at the end of shoots. FRUIT Small, hard, green or red-green pome, up to 11⁄4 in (3 cm) wide.

Wild Apple / Malus sylvestris

HEIGHT 25–40 ft (8–12 m)

TYPE Deciduous

OCCURRENCE Caucasus, N. Iran

This tree is an ancestor of most cultivated apples and is used as graft stock for many commercial varieties. It is found in hedgerows and at woodland edges. BARK Gray-brown to purple-brown, peeling in rectangular flakes. LEAF Alternate, elliptic to obovate, with toothed margins and a rounded leaf base. FLOWER Large, in clusters on short shoots. FRUIT Spherical, green to yellowish red pome.

Singleseed Hawthorn / Crataegus monogyna

HEIGHT up to 33 ft (10 m)

TYPE Deciduous

OCCURRENCE Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia

This small tree has spiny branches; old trees often have fluted trunks. An herbal medicine for circulatory problems is extracted from its fruit and leaves. BARK Dark orange-brown or pink-brown; cracking into rectangles. LEAF Alternate, smooth, deeply cut into 3–7 lobes, glossy dark green above, paler beneath. FLOWER White, fragrant, in dense clusters on shoots. FRUIT Oval red pome, with one seed.